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Selection pressure exerted by resistant cultivars triggers a preadaptation to insecticide resistance in insect pest. To control the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), use of resistant rice cultivars is an alternative to insecticide. However, N. lugens obtained virulence to resistant rice cultivars as same as resistance to insecticides. We conducted the long-term (2001-2019) virulence monitoring in Japanese N. lugens immigrant populations to differential rice cultivars possessing the resistance ‘BPH’ genes. We compared the virulence of insecticide-resistance and control N. lugens strains in differential rice cultivar. These results suggested that N. lugens could not overcome the resistance of rice cultivars possessing multiple BPH genes. The virulence to these differential cultivars in N. lugens was negatively affected by the development of insecticide resistance. In this seminar, I will introduce the resent studies of the virulence to resistance rice cultivars in N. lugens.